Glass fiber is one of the main materials of fiberglass ceilings and fiberglass sound-absorbing panels. Adding glass fibers to gypsum boards is mainly to increase the strength of the panels. The strength of fiberglass ceilings and sound-absorbing panels is also directly affected by the quality of glass fibers. Today we will talk about fiberglass.
What is fiberglass:
Glass fiber is an inorganic non-metallic material with excellent performance. There are many kinds. The advantages are good insulation, strong heat resistance, good corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength.
Specifications of glass fiber:
The first indicator: the surface active treatment agent used in the drawing process of glass fiber. Surface active treatment agent is also known as wetting agent, wetting agent is mainly coupling agent and film-forming agent, and there are also some lubricants, antioxidants, emulsifiers, antistatic agents, etc. The types of other additives have a decisive influence on the glass fiber, so when selecting the glass fiber, select the appropriate glass fiber according to the requirements of the base material and the finished product.
The second indicator: the diameter of the monofilament. It was previously introduced that the critical glass fiber length is only related to the shear force and the diameter of the filament. Theoretically, the smaller the diameter of the filament, the better the mechanical properties and surface appearance of the product. At present, the diameter of domestic glass fiber is generally 10μm and 13μm.
Classification of glass fibers
Generally, it can be classified in terms of glass raw material composition, monofilament diameter, fiber appearance, production method and fiber characteristics.
According to the composition of glass raw materials, it is mainly used for the classification of continuous glass fibers.
It is generally distinguished by the content of different alkali metal oxides, and alkali metal oxides generally refer to sodium oxide and potassium oxide. In the glass raw material, it is introduced by soda ash, Glauber’s salt, feldspar and other substances. Alkali metal oxide is one of the main components of ordinary glass, and its main function is to reduce the melting point of glass. However, the higher the content of alkali metal oxides in glass, its chemical stability, electrical insulating properties and strength will decrease accordingly. Therefore, for glass fibers with different uses, glass components with different alkali contents should be used. Therefore, the alkali content of glass fiber components is often used as a sign to distinguish continuous glass fibers for different purposes. According to the alkali content in the glass composition, continuous fibers can be divided into the following types:
Alkali-free fiber (commonly known as E glass): R2O content is less than 0.8%, which is an aluminoborosilicate component. Its chemical stability, electrical insulation properties, and strength are very good. Mainly used as electrical insulating material, reinforcing material of glass fiber reinforced plastic and tire cord.
Medium-alkali glass fiber: The content of R2O is 11.9%-16.4%. It is a sodium calcium silicate component. Because of its high alkali content, it cannot be used as an electrical insulating material, but its chemical stability and strength are still good. Generally used as latex cloth, checkered cloth base material, acid filter cloth, window screen base material, etc. It can also be used as FRP reinforcement material with less strict requirements on electrical properties and strength. This fiber is low cost and has a wide range of uses.
High alkali fibers: glass components with an R2O content equal to or greater than 15%. Such as glass fibers drawn from broken flat glass, broken bottle glass, etc. as raw materials, belong to this category. It can be used as battery separator, pipe wrapping cloth and mat sheet and other waterproof and moisture-proof materials.
Special glass fibers: such as high-strength glass fibers composed of pure magnesium-aluminum-silicon ternary, magnesium-aluminum-silicon high-strength and high-elastic glass fibers; silicon-aluminum-calcium-magnesium chemical-resistant glass fibers; aluminum-containing fibers; High silica fiber; quartz fiber, etc.
Classification by monofilament diameter
Glass fiber monofilament is cylindrical, so its thickness can be expressed in diameter. Usually, according to the diameter range, the drawn glass fibers are divided into several types (the diameter value is in um):
Crude fiber: its monofilament diameter is generally 30um
Primary fiber: its monofilament diameter is greater than 20um;
Intermediate fiber: monofilament diameter 10-20um
Advanced fiber: (also known as textile fiber) its monofilament diameter is 3-10um. Glass fibers with a monofilament diameter less than 4um are also called ultrafine fibers.
Different diameters of monofilaments not only have different properties of fibers, but also affect the production process, output and cost of fibers. Generally, 5-10um fiber is used for textile products, and 10-14um fiber is generally suitable for Fiberglass roving, non-woven fabric, fiberglass chopped strand mat, etc.
Classification by fiber appearance
The appearance of glass fibers, i.e. its shape and length, depends on how it is produced, as well as on its use. It can be divided into:
Continuous fiber (also known as textile fiber): In theory, continuous fiber is an infinite continuous fiber, mainly drawn by the bushing method. After textile processing, it can be made into glass yarn, rope, cloth, belt, no twist. Roving and other products.
Fixed-length fiber: its length is limited, generally 300-500mm, but sometimes it can be longer, such as basically messy long fibers in the mat. For example, the long cotton made by the steam blowing method is only a few hundred millimeters long after it is broken into wool roving. There are other products such as rod method wool roving and primary roving, which are all made into wool roving or mat.
Glass wool: It is also a fixed-length glass fiber, and its fiber is shorter, generally below 150mm or shorter. It is fluffy in shape, similar to cotton wool, so it is also called short cotton. It is mainly used for heat preservation and sound absorption. In addition, there are chopped fibers, hollow fibers, glass fiber powder and milled fibers.
Classification by fiber properties
This is a new type of glass fiber newly developed to meet the special requirements of use. The fiber itself has some special and excellent properties. It can be roughly divided into: high-strength glass fiber; high-modulus glass fiber; high temperature resistant glass fiber; alkali resistance Glass fiber; acid-resistant glass fiber; ordinary glass fiber (referring to alkali-free and medium-alkali glass fiber); optical fiber; low dielectric constant glass fiber; conductive fiber, etc.
Chongqing Dujiang Composites Co., Ltd.
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Post time: Sep-01-2022
