What is fiberglass?
Glass fibers are widely used due to their cost-effectiveness and good properties, mainly in the composites industry. As early as the 18th century, Europeans realized that glass could be spun into fibers for weaving. The coffin of the French Emperor Napoleon already had decorative fabrics made of fiberglass. Glass fibers have both filaments and short fibers or flocs. Glass filaments are commonly used in composite materials, rubber products, conveyor belts, tarpaulins, etc. Short fibers are mainly used in non-woven mats, engineering plastics and composite materials.
Glass fiber’s attractive physical and mechanical properties, ease of fabrication, and low cost compared to carbon fiber make it the material of choice for high-performance composite applications. Glass fibers are composed of oxides of silica. Glass fibers have excellent mechanical properties such as being less brittle, high strength, low stiffness and light weight.
Glass fiber reinforced polymers consist of a large class of different forms of glass fibers, such as longitudinal fibers, chopped fibers, woven mats, and chopped strand mats, and are used to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of polymer composites. Glass fibers can achieve high initial aspect ratios, but brittleness can cause fibers to break during processing.
glass fiber properties
The main characteristics of glass fiber include the following aspects:
Not easy to absorb water: Glass fiber is water repellent and is not suitable for clothes, because sweat will not be absorbed, making the wearer feel wet; because the material is not affected by water, it will not shrink.
Inelasticity: Due to the lack of elasticity, the fabric has little inherent stretch and recovery. Therefore, they need a surface treatment to resist wrinkling.
High Strength: Fiberglass is extremely strong, almost as strong as Kevlar. However, when the fibers rub against each other, they break and cause the fabric to take on a shaggy appearance.
Insulation: In short fiber form, fiberglass is an excellent insulator.
Drapability: The fibers drape well, making them ideal for curtains.
Heat Resistance: Glass fibers have high heat resistance, can withstand temperatures up to 315°C, they are not affected by sunlight, bleach, bacteria, mold, insects or alkalis.
Susceptible: Glass fibers are affected by hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric acid. Since the fiber is a glass-based product, some raw glass fibers should be handled with care, such as household insulation materials, because the fiber ends are fragile and can pierce the skin, so gloves should be worn when handling fiberglass.
Application of glass fiber
Fiberglass is an inorganic material that does not burn and retains about 25% of its initial strength at 540°C. Most chemicals have little effect on glass fibers. Inorganic fiberglass will not mold or deteriorate. Glass fibers are affected by hydrofluoric acid, hot phosphoric acid and strong alkaline substances.
It is an excellent electrical insulating material. Fiberglass fabrics have properties such as low moisture absorption, high strength, heat resistance and low dielectric constant, making them ideal reinforcements for printed circuit boards and insulating varnishes.
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Post time: Jan-03-2023
