Glass fiber has excellent properties and is widely used in many fields. It is an inorganic non-metallic material that can replace metal. Because of its good development prospects, major glass fiber companies are focusing on the research on high performance and process optimization of glass fiber.
1 Definition of glass fiber
Glass fiber is a kind of inorganic non-metallic material that can replace metal and has excellent performance. It is prepared by drawing molten glass into fibers through the action of external force. It has the characteristics of high strength, high modulus and low elongation. Heat resistance and compressibility, large thermal expansion coefficient, high melting point, its softening temperature can reach 550~750 ℃, good chemical stability, not easy to burn, has certain excellent characteristics such as corrosion resistance, and has been widely used in many fields.
2 Characteristics of glass fiber
The melting point of glass fiber is 680℃, the boiling point is 1000℃, and the density is 2.4～2.7g/cm3. The tensile strength is 6.3 to 6.9 g/d in the standard state and 5.4 to 5.8 g/d in the wet state. Glass fiber has good heat resistance and is a high-grade insulating material with good insulation, which is suitable for the production of thermal insulation and fireproof materials.
3 Composition of glass fiber
The glass used in the production of glass fibers is different from the glass used in other glass products. The glass used in the production of glass fibers contains the following components:
(1) E-glass, also known as alkali-free glass, belongs to borosilicate glass. Among the materials currently used in the production of glass fibers, alkali-free glass is the most widely used. Alkali-free glass has good insulation and mechanical properties, and is mainly used to produce insulating glass fibers and high-strength glass fibers, but alkali-free glass is not resistant to inorganic acid corrosion, so it is not suitable for use in acidic environments. We have e-glass fiberglass roving, e-glass fiberglass woven roving， and e-glass fibegrlass mat.
(2) C-glass, also known as medium alkali glass. Compared with alkali-free glass, it has better chemical resistance and poor electrical and mechanical properties. Adding diboron trichloride to medium alkali glass can produce glass fiber surface mat, which has the characteristics of corrosion resistance. Boron-free medium-alkali glass fibers are mainly used in the production of filter fabrics and wrapping fabrics.
(3) High-strength glass fiber, as the name suggests, high-strength glass fiber has the characteristics of high strength and high modulus. Its fiber tensile strength is 2800MPa, which is about 25% higher than that of alkali-free glass fiber, and its elastic modulus is 86000MPa, which is higher than that of E-glass fiber. The output of high-strength glass fiber is not high, coupled with its high strength and high modulus, so it is generally used in military, aerospace and sports equipment and other fields, and it is not widely used in other fields.
(4) AR glass fiber, also known as alkali-resistant glass fiber, is an inorganic fiber. The alkali-resistant glass fiber has good alkali resistance and can resist the corrosion of high alkali substances. It has extremely high elastic modulus and impact resistance, tensile strength and bending strength. It also has the characteristics of non-combustibility, frost resistance, temperature and humidity resistance, crack resistance, impermeability, strong plasticity and easy molding. Rib material for glass fiber reinforced concrete.
4 Preparation of glass fibers
The manufacturing process of glass fiber is generally to first melt the raw materials, and then perform fiberizing treatment. If it is to be made into the shape of glass fiber balls or fiberglass rods, the fiberizing treatment cannot be performed directly. There are three fibrillation processes for glass fibers:
Drawing method: the main method is the filament nozzle drawing method, followed by the glass rod drawing method and the melt drop drawing method;
Centrifugal method: drum centrifugation, step centrifugation and horizontal porcelain disc centrifugation;
Blowing method: blowing method and nozzle blowing method.
The above several processes can also be used in combination, such as drawing-blowing and so on. Post-processing takes place after fiberizing. The post-processing of textile glass fibers is divided into the following two major steps:
(1) During the production of glass fibers, the glass filaments combined before winding should be sizing, and the short fibers should be sprayed with lubricant before being collected and drummed with holes.
(2) Further processing, according to the situation of short glass fiber and short glass fiber roving there are the following steps:
①Short glass fiber processing steps:
②Processing steps of glass staple fiber roving:
Chongqing Dujiang Composites Co., Ltd.
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Post time: Sep-13-2022
